Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Research Paper Example In one of their photos, Brady and Gardner covered a scene where many soldiers lay dead following a struggle in the civil war front and it created an impression of the fierceness of the battle that took place between the people and the soldiers. From the photo of Brady and Gardner, it was clear that there killing that happened in the time of the battle were so many and it reflected that many soldiers from the southern and the Union army lost their lives. The photo, however, covered a small section of the war front as an indication of the issues of the civil war in the course of the antagonism between the government side that opposed slavery and the southern states armies that wanted to advance it. Following the American civil war, there were various events that followed in order to address the issues of that resulted as well as to establish frameworks to prevent any occurrence of a similar situation in future. A report on the events of the war was prepared that outlined the main issue s that caused the emergence of the civil war in an otherwise a peaceful country so that the future would be able to be better. In the report, the political stand about slavery of the then elected presidents of United States (US), Abraham Lincoln is said to have triggered the mayhem. In his presidential campaigns, Lincoln had promised that he would contain the spread of slavery and finally abolish it, a move that was not allowed by many people from the south who depended on slaves for their work (Clark and Neely 138-139). When the southern states that supported slavery realized the election of Lincoln as the US president would have a negative impact on slavery, they formed a group by bringing together armies from their different states to frustrate the attempt of the president. Immediately they attacked Fort Sumter, an army garrison at Charleston in South Carolina the Union army, that opposed slavery prepared to attack. This triggered the need to respond to the attack from the govern ment side led by the president Abraham Lincoln so that they can contain the forces that opposed the government’s attempt. This meant that war had to begin so that to abolish slavery, which became the main goal of the civil war after the contention of different soldiers from different states. In the war, southern states wanted to overpower the government so that to advance the slavery but the northern side focused on routing them and attain the abolishment of slavery in America. When the report of the war was written, it focused on the importance of the war in the US and it proposed various things thing that could be done in future so that the conditions could be better for other people. One of the suggestions of the report was the protection of the battlefields as important historical places in the lives of Americans who did not exist during the war and those who lived far from them. The report also gave highlights on the things that the government ought to do to ensure susta inability of the program of protecting the battle field so that they maintain the places for a longer time than they and to remain relevant to the future generation (Civil War Sites Advisory Commission 3-27). According to the photos of Antietam battlefield, many soldier died at the battle field and this could be an indication of the fierceness of war

Compare Australia's and Hong Kong's financial system - types of Essay

Compare Australia's and Hong Kong's financial system - types of financial products & services, importance of banks vs stock exch - Essay Example To begin with, Barnett et al. (2013) stated that Hong Kong and Australia’s financial sector bears some form of great similarities and a few insignificant differences, this is affirmed by the fact that various international banks such as Citibank operates in both countries thereby alluding to similarity in business operations and environment in both countries. Financial products and services in both countries are classified into personal and business categories (Viney and Phillips, 2012). Under both the personal and business categories, banks in both Australia and Hong Kong offer the depository and custodial services, whereby they accept deposits from customers and even grant them safe custody keeping for their valuable items. Secondly, the banks in these two countries also specialize in providing financial advice to the individual and business customers on matters to do with the banking, other investments, as well as insurance. Thirdly, these banks offer insurance services to their customers but it is important to note that most banks in Hong Kong have a subsidiary that specialize in offering insurance services. Fourthly, these banks also offer the services of mobile banking, which enable customers to do transactions from their mobile phones. The common products offered by banks in both countries to individuals and business are the provision of lending or credit facilities to the customers. The other key common products offered by the banks in both countries are credit and debit cards that allow business as well as individual customers to make payments without using liquid cash. Other products are cheque books, and travelers’ cheque. Relative importance of banks versus stock exchange as the source of industrial financing According to Siciliano (2003), banks as well as the stock exchange provide a source for industrial financing. In particular, banks issue industrial financing in the form of loans or overdrafts while the stock exchange provide for industrial financing through the selling of a company’s shares, which in turn earns the company additional capital for investments. The financial sector, which encompass the banking sector and the stock exchange in both Australia and Hong Kong are vibrant but Kelley et al (2008) noted that Hong Kong’s banking sector could be considered more vibrant since because Hong Kong is renowned an international banking center. Moreover, it plays host to numerous financial international financial institutions such as the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. Additionally, Hong Kong has more than 156 licensed banks, 21 restricted banks, and 24 deposit-taking companies, and 61 representative offices of overseas banking institutions while Australia has only 56 banks, 103 credit unions, and 10 building societies (Australia Prudential Authority, 2011). This therefore means that the banks play a key role in the financial sector of Hong Kong and there is a relative importance of ba nks as the main source of industrial financing in the region as compared to Australia. Moreover, Genberg and Hui (2008) stated that Hong Kong has three different tiers of banking institutions that include licensed banks, restricted license bank, and deposit-taking companies, which means there is a wide variety of financing options from banks in Hong Kong that perhaps suit the needs of each kind

Software Requirement Specification Essay Example for Free

Software Requirement Specification Essay Students to several process modeling techniques for representing business processes. Although this chapter focuses primarily on data flow diagramming, brief overviews of functional hierarchy modeling and Oracle’s process modeler are given. After a brief introduction to process modeling, data flow diagramming techniques are introduced in a section called â€Å"Data Flow Diagramming Mechanics. † This section demonstrates the basic DFD symbols, definitions, and rules. The authors use the Gane and Sarson symbol set throughout the book, and these symbols are explained in this section. Hoosier Burger, the food ordering system first mentioned in Chapter 2, is used to illustrate basic data flow diagramming concepts. This section also includes explanations of decomposition and balancing. Chapter 8’s third major section introduces four different types of DFDs: current physical, current logical, new logical, and new physical. Hoosier Burger’s inventory control system (which is manual) is used to illustrate the first three types of DFDs. Current practice in using DFDs indicates that very little time should be spent on the current physical DFD. The fourth major section in this chapter, â€Å"Using Data Flow Diagramming in the Analysis Process,† introduces guidelines for drawing and using DFDs. This is different from the mechanical rules presented earlier. Topics include completeness, consistency, timing, iterative development, primitive DFDs, and analyzing DFDs for system inefficiencies and discrepancies among DFDs that are supposed to be modeling the same system. A Hoosier Burger example helps illustrate these guidelines. The â€Å"Oracle’s Process Modeler and Functional Hierarchy Diagrams† section introduces students to two other process modeling tools. These tools are Oracle Designer’s process modeler and functional hierarchy modeling, a tool found in several CASE products. In this section, the authors show how to prepare basic process models and functional hierarchy diagrams. Additionally, the authors compare and contrast Oracle’s process models to data flow diagramming. In the last section of this chapter, the authors’ overview process modeling for Internet-based electronic commerce applications. As they explain, process modeling for Internet-based electronic commerce applications does not differ from more traditional applications development projects. Instructional Objectives Specific student learning objectives are included at the beginning of the chapter. From an instructor’s point of view, the objectives of this chapter are to: 1. Show how to logically model processes with data flow diagrams. 2. Teach students data flow diagram symbols and the mechanical rules necessary to create accurate, well-structured process models. 3. Show students how to decompose data flow diagrams into lower-level diagrams. For people who are not familiar with data flow diagrams, the students should find that it is relatively easy to show them that data flow diagrams are a better way to model processes. Chances are that this person’s original picture already has many of the elements of a standard data flow diagram anyway. Research has found that process modeling is a very natural activity for most people, even when they are not formally trained in this technique.

Terrestrial Digital Broadcasting Convergence and Implication

Terrestrial Digital Broadcasting Convergence and Implication Reza Tadayoni*, Knud Erik Skouby Center for Tele-Information, Technical University of Denmark, Building 371, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark Abstract This paper is a contribution to the development of analyses of the process of converging media and to the  clarification of the regulatory implications of this process. It is generally agreed that the process of  convergence between telecommunications, IT and broadcasting through its technological, organisational,  and market/service aspects has far-reaching inßuence on the sectors involved and on future socio-economic  settings. The paper explores the preparation for introduction of terrestrial digital television in Denmark as an  aspect in the general process of convergence. The explorative analysis establishes an understanding of the  technological issues and drivers in the development, which in interaction shape a digital distribution  structure that is a concrete part of convergence. Based on this understanding, a model à  the OSA-model à  is  suggested for the techno-economic structure of distribution of terrestrial digital TV. The model is used to  dis cuss market prospects and regulatory implications, as these are derived from the interplay of traditional  areas of regulation in the three sectors and areas emerging as candidates for regulatory activity based on their  functionality. The discussion of the process of introduction of terrestrial digital TV in Denmark thus provides  a general analysis of convergence and its regulatory implications. ( 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights  reserved. Keywords: Terrestrial digital broadcasting; Convergence; DAB; DVB 1. Introduction During the past few decades the communication landscape has been subject to radical changes. Traditionally, communication has been divided in three sectors à  telecommunication, broadcasting  and information technology (IT) à  which cover di ¤erent communication applications. The sectoral  0308-5961/99/$ à  see front matter ( 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 0 8 5 9 6 1 ( 9 8 ) 0 0 0 8 6 X 1 This work is a result of participating in two Danish research projects: Service development, Internationalisation and Competences (SIC) project. Distributed Multi Media (DMM) project. 2DAB and DVB is used for digital audio broadcasting and digital video broadcasting, respectively, without reference  to the speciÞc European technologies/protocols-agreements using DAB and DVB as brand names.   Division has been based not only on di ¤erent technologies being used in the di ¤erent sectors but it  has also evolved in close interplay between political-regulatory interventions, economic considerations  and technological characteristics. Understanding the di ¤erent aspects of regulation in the information age requires a solid  understanding of the development in the communication landscape as well as of the ongoing  process of convergence between the traditionally separate forms of communication and of the  Ãƒâ€information fusionÕ. Technological speciÞcity has not been determining for sectoral division and is  not determining for the convergence process but it has been a vital factor in this process. Technological innovations like digitalisation, audio and video coding technologies, computerisation  and broadband infrastructures à  such as cable and satellite networks à  make service  provision across the sectoral boundaries possible. This also imposes new political and regulatory  challenges and makes re-thinking and re-designs of the existing regulatory framework for communication  a necessity. This paper1 discusses digital broadcasting as an instance in the convergence process where this is  seen as a process with technological, economic/structural and regulatory aspects. Within digital  broadcasting a focused area namely the terrestrial digital broadcasting in Denmark will be studied  in details. Broadcasting is quickly moving into the era of digitalisation as digital audio broadcasting  (DAB)2 and digital video broadcasting (DVB) to replace traditional analogue broadcasting  technologies. Full digitalisation of the whole production chain, from recording and editing over  transmission media to receivers in the end usersÕ homes, will be a reality in 10 to 15 years. This is  a challenging and extensive change that will face broadcasters, politicians and regulators in the  coming years. The main political and economic focus is generally on DVB and the transition has  already started in some European countries, most notably the UK and Sweden. For users, DAB/DVB will o ¤er many advantages over analogue broadcasting, such as better  technical quality, more programs and services on a given set of frequencies, and the option of  multimedia and interactive services. This development is an expression of converging media:  DAB/DVB will integrate elements from several di ¤erent media, computers, telecommunications  and broadcasting. The shift to digital broadcasting is not simple, however, as it introduces a range  of interrelated political, economic and technical challenges. Some of these challenges are speciÞc to  the mode of distribution à  satellite, cable or terrestrial with the latter having special problems and  potentials. As the basic technologies are now ready, solutions to two sets of regulatory issues are pertinent  for the development and di ¤usion of terrestrial DVB. One set of issues is related to the concept of  Public Service Broadcasters. In almost all countries, cultural policy considerations have given  rise to privileges and obligations for a few broadcasters.

Raptor Red :: essays research papers

1. The novel I read was "Raptor Red" by Robert T. Bakker. Published by Simon & Schuster, in 1995. Rapotor Red is a female raptor struggling to survive in a kill or be killed world on her own after losing her mate. 2. The setting changes all throughout the book as Raptor Red migrates from one place to another. In somesettings she is in thick rich mossy forests looking for plump Iguanadons to eat, to other desert like lands where the sun is so hot she must sleep through the midday and hunt late afternoon when the heat is bearable. Setting is a very important because the authour must reconstruct the crustacoius period setting and all the vegitation ,lust forests, muddy salt flats, sandy beaches, and dry temperate valleys. These settings are all very vital to the book because it creates the prehistoric atmosphere and brutal planet these giants once inhabited. One of the key elements to the book to make it more realistic is how the author describes in detail all the other animals that Raptor Red hunts and runs into in the book. The author puts great detail in how Raptor Red stalks her prey and kills her victims. Once you start reading this book and you see how intelligent raptors once were you really can't decipher Raptor Red's thinking to a modern day human hunter. 3. This book follows the life of Raptor Red and all the troubles a raptor would face in it's life from good times to bad. The book starts off with Raptor Red hunting an Ultrasaurus with her mate. They carefully select the dinosaur they will single out to kill. They look for faults in their prey, like injuries, preoccupation with someting elese, stragglers who want to rest for a while, just about anything to help assure a safe victory without any injuries to themselves. Raptor Red and her mate single out an Ultrasaurus who is preoccupied with trying to mate rather than pay any attention to the fact that it was being stalked by predators. Raptor Red and the mate kill the Ultrasaurus on a mud flat, and the Ultrasaurus falls on it's knees and dies. While Raptor Red and her mate are gorging on the larg animal her mate detects a scent of another kind of smalled raptors in the area that want some of the kill. Raptor Reds mate lets out a fierce roar

The Selfish King in Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear Willia

The Selfish King in Shakespeare's King Lear In Shakespeare's King Lear a king is stripped of his land, wealth, soldiers, and all of his power because he is stubborn, egocentric, and unkind. Other than losing money and power he loses his three daughters as well. Lear?s pride is so overwhelming that he is unwilling to allow anyone to contradict him. If anyone (besides his fool) even remotely hints that his actions were wrong he gets unnecessarily enraged. King Lear acts very harshly to his daughters and should receive the appropriate punishment. Although King Lear completely deserves what he gets and has put his youngest daughter through so much torture, he is not entirely awful. He is a respectable king who people look up to. When Kent informs Lear of his drastic mistake Lear?s pride takes control of him and he banishes his loyal friend, Kent. Kent is almost like a brother to Lear. He is Lear?s most trusty friend and basically the king?s right hand man. Because Lear is so arrogant and proud, he will not accept any disagreement from anyone. Kent explains to Lear that he has made a mistake in banishing Cordelia and Lear explodes with fury at Kent. This is the response Kent receives in return for correcting the king. ?To come betwixt our sentence and our power, which nor our nature nor our place can bear, our potency made good, take thy reward: ?turn thy hated back upon our kingdom. If ?thy banished trunk be found in our dominions, the moment is thy death.? (I.1.194-202). King Lear is saying that Kent is now a traitor, and since he points out a mistake in the king?s judgment he should be banished. If Kent shows his body in Lear?s kingdom once again h... ...ecisions. When Kent reveals that banishing Cordelia was an unwise decision Lear exiles Kent, his most trusted friend. There are many terrible deeds that Lear commits, but also has several unpleasant ones committed on him by his daughters. Even though there are horrible things done to king Lear, the terrible things that Lear do outweighs them. Lear deserves his punishment, should live up to his mistakes, and do whatever he can to correct those mistakes. Works Cited and Consulted Schneider, Ben R. Jr. "King Lear in Its Own Time: The Difference That Death Makes." Early Modern Literary Studies 1 (1995). Shakespeare, William. "King Lear." William Shakespeare: the Tragedies, the Poems. Ed. John D. Wilson. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2006. Stern, Jeffrey. ?King Lear: The Transference of the Kingdom.? Shakespeare Quarterly, 1990. Folger Shakespeare Library.

My Knowledge Positive Replacement Behaviors Essay

Positive replacement behaviors seem simple enough to understand when breaking down each word. It’s to have the undesired behavior or desired behavior replaced with a positive reinforcement. When doing this you want to try and bring in a replacement behaviors. It is helpful to have a target behavior that is not compatible with its. For example if Roger doesn’t like to have his shoes untied because he has difficulty tying them, make sure to ask his parents or try to obtain shoes that don’t need tying like Velcro. Overall as an educator you want to try and avoid the target behavior and use the replacement behavior as much as possible. What does reinforcement mean? Reinforcement in simple terms is defined as a consequence that follows a behavior. The consequence is used to strengthen the behavior immediately after it has occurred. If you really think about it reinforcement happens all the time in everyday life. Reinforcements happen in a lot of ways outside of the classroom. The reinforcement that first comes to mind for me is doing chores. If I continued to do my chores on a constant basis I would get paid for doing so. Even though this reinforcement isn’t the same it works in a similar way. The main goal for reinforcement is to set a goal or a standard for that person and in the end your get an award for it. There are many different types of reinforcers to help behavior but there are specific types of reinforcers that work for different students. The four reinforcer types are: Natural reinforcers, token reinforcers, social reinforcers, and tangible reinforcers. Natural reinforcers are kind of self-explanatory. For example if Becky Sue stays on task and does her homework, then she will get good grades. Token reinforcers are usually given when a student is executing actions that the teacher has suggested, when given these tokens they can be exchanged for something of value. Social  reinforcers are similar to verbal praise or specific approval of behavior. For example Bobby gets his English paper back and his teacher writes excellent work! The last reinforcer is tangible reinforcement. Tangibles are used a lot with educators and involve a physical award such as treats, money, or prizes. What is positive and negative reinforcement? Positive Reinforcement is a technique used by professionals and parents to modify their children’s behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors. Positive reinforcement can be used as a reward. Educators are well known for using reinforcement in education. â€Å"When you need to help your children learn new behaviors, increase behaviors you desire and reduce undesirable behaviors, your chances for success will increase if you use positive reinforcement† (Butler, 2010). This term is familiar throughout society and is used as a great method for behavior modification. Sometimes people think positive reinforcement is only used for the students that struggle with undesired behaviors but it also there for students that continue to their good behaviors. Negative reinforcement involves strengthening a behavior through the removal or avoiding of negative outcomes. This reinforcement is confused with being negative and used as punishment, when it is not. Negative reinforcement is used in hoped that the behavior will not reoccur. As you can see punishment and negative reinforcement are used in two different ways as one is in hope that it won’t occur again and the other is in hopes of decreasing the behavior. How would you use positive reinforcement in the classroom environment? When I think of a positive reinforcement I think of positive things throughout your classroom and the day. First I would start the day off by greeting my students as they come into the classroom. If I see a few students sitting quietly putting their stuff away and sitting on task I would use verbal praise by saying, thank you for coming in and doing what you need to do in the start of class. A lot of my reinforcements would be verbal and specific to their behaviors and the individuals. When using my verbal praise I would make sure to use a loud but pleasant voice to make it known to that student. Even though it’s great to use individual reinforcements I think it is also crucial for students to have positive  reinforcement as a group. For example if every student gets there homework done in class or close to done they the class receives a smiley face. If the class receives 10 smiley faces they will get a pizza party. Sometimes this is hard to obtain from the whole class but once they do it is great because the class earned this a whole. My plan that including goals and objectives for a student with an emotional disabilities My plan that including goals and objectives for a student with an emotional disabilities Emotional disabilities can be fragile to work with. When working with students that have disabilities like these I would first and foremost be patient with the student. The Article Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Defined states â€Å"Emotional or behavioral disorders can be divided into three groups that are characterized by externalizing behavior, Internalizing behaviors, and low incidence disorders† (Smith, 2007). By looking over these three categories there is a difference between the three. I would try and figure out the students that fell into each group. For goals I would try to make sure that they were measu rable for the students. From the beginning of figuring out their emotion disability I would set up specific goals and objectives for each student to follow. Each student is different so this would be done on an individual basis. When including goals I think it’s great to develop short and long term goals for students. The plan that is developed could have a reward system. For example for every 30 minutes the student doesn’t disrupt the class or have and outburst they will get a check, if the student obtains 10 then they get to do something of their chose like read for 15 minutes or have 10 minutes computer time. After a period of time like two months or every semester/quarter I would evaluate the plans and goals that I have set. I would ask myself, is this effective for the student? Have I seen an emotional change, and if not I might have to reevaluate what is working and what is not. Overall with positive replacement behaviors you want to make sure they are obtainable for the student to achieve. With great planning and getting to know the student it can happen. Reference John Wheeler & Dean Richey. (2010).Behavior management. Retrieved from http//gcumedia.com/digital-resources/pearson/2009/behavior-management_principles-and-practices-of-positive-behavior-supports_ebook_2e.php Butler, A. (2010). Behavior modification through positive reinforcement. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/139880-behavior-modification-through-positive-reinforcement/ Smith, D. D. (2007). Emotional or behavioral disorders defined. Retrieved from http://www.education.com/reference/article/emotional-behavioral-disorders-defined/